Writing assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Writing assignment - Essay Example But I think use of algae as a biofuel among the alternatives is the most economical and practical alternative. Academic research on the uses of algae started over 30 decades ago, and because of its growing importance, research activities are intensified over the years. To date, scientific studies are being done by over 200 universities worldwide on the feasibility of using algae as a substitute. (Algae.com) Research showed that algae could easily meet the demands for 31 million crude oil. Algae is grown on many ocean floors n the United States. In contrast to corn, sugar soy and sunflower used as biofuels, algae does not need much caring to grow(view attached picture of a non-forested area of an algae farm). It does not require clearing of rainforests, fertile farmland or fresh water to grow. As compared to other feed stocks, algae produces more gallons per acre than soya, rape seed, mustard and palm. Algae produces 10,000 US gallons per acre, soya- US 45 gal; Rapeseed – 110-145 us gal; palm oil -650 US gal.(Thurmond, Will. 2009) He claims that algae alone can meet the requirements as a possible substitute for entire global fossil requirements. Algae can be used as biofuel, ethanol, methane, jet fuel and a lot more. Thus, algae provide a wide opportunity for investment. Due to its practicability, 32 countries worldwide serve as collection centers, while 70 companies are involved in energy commercial research. Algae has market potential because US and EU cannot produce enough corn and meet targets while research showed algae has enough capabilities to meet these demands. As potential targets, algae can serve the military that is the number 1 consumer of diesel fuel. Algae biofuel can also serve passenger cars that use gasoline and diesel. Algae production hopes to meet the target of Federal FRS36 billion gallons by 2022. As of 2008, algae

Still Just Writing Essay Example for Free

Still Just Writing Essay Almost every man who walks this planet has goals, aims, and, aspirations that he dreams of achieving. However, distractions often come about, thwarting people and preventing them from attaining their aspirations. A distraction can pull a person’s whole mind and body into a different world manipulating him to neglect his lifelong goals, and never achieve his dreams. A student, entering college with dreams of achieving a 4. 0 GPA and becoming valedictorian, can easily be swept up by social distractions, causing him to abandon his goals. Tillie Olsen and Anne Tyler both discus in their narratives, â€Å"Silences†, and, â€Å"Still Just Writing†, how parenting, childrearing, and mundane errands effected their lifelong dreams of becoming writers. They both believe that women cannot possibly create â€Å"enduring literature† unless they remain childless. However, Olsen and Tyler each viewed her own personal situation through different perspectives. Their different perspectives on life led them to each deal with her lifelong dreams and desires of becoming authors in different ways. The constant responsibilities of motherhood will have an effect on a woman’s desires and dreams. Both Olsen’s and Tyler’s dreams of becoming writers were neglected because of the immense responsibilities of motherhood. Tillie Olsen states, â€Å"All distinguished achievements has come from childless women†. She believes that all her motherly tasks have left her writing skills to â€Å"fester†, â€Å"convulse†, and â€Å"die† within her. She feels that her responsibilities and trials of family have locked away her writing talents, â€Å"like a squirrel in a cage†. Similarly, Tyler’s busy life as a mother tremendously weakens her writing abilities. Between her children’s spring vacation, dental appointments, and gymnastics meetings, there seems to never be a free moment for her to sit down and concentrate on writing a novel, â€Å"Although she planned to work till three thirty everyday it was a month of early quittings†. Tyler’s writing skills slowly deteriorated, and her once powerful, thought-out characters, turned, â€Å"pale and knuckly, like someone scrabbling at a cliff edge so as not to fall away entirely†. The responsibilities and joy of bringing up children, and being a dedicated mother distracted Olsen and Tyler from developing their writing skills, and fulfilling their dreams of becoming renowned authors. Happiness is not dependent on one’s life situation, rather it is dependent on ones perspective and attitude regarding his situation. Although Olsen’s and Tyler’s situations in life were quite similar, their perspectives and attitudes on life could not have been more different. Tillie Olsen believes that social pressures squashed her talents and all women’s writing talents into a dark shadowy corner, denying their development. She believes that society views â€Å"woman writers, woman experience, and literature written by woman by definition minor†. Furthermore, Olsen believes that woman are forced to give into the social pressures of always, â€Å"being attractive†, and spend hours, â€Å"agonizing over appearance†, rather than spending hours working on literary writings. Olsen views herself and her lost dreams as the miserable victim of social discrimination against women. However, Anne Tyler views her situation in a totally different light than Olsen does. Tyler believes that distractions are a part of life that affects everyone, not just woman. She laments how her husband’s writing, â€Å"fell by the wayside†, while he was finishing his medical schooling. Additionally, she describes how her husband’s, â€Å"responsibilities to support a family† cause him to neglect his writings, which he cares so deeply about. Unlike Olsen, Tyler doesn’t view the world as an evil place that stunts women from developing their talents, rather she views the world as a place where everyone, man and woman alike, have responsibilities towards other people which must be fulfilled as they strive to accomplish their lifelong dreams. Differences in ones perspective in life leads to different outcomes in the way one leads one’s life. Olsen’s negative outlook on her life led her to permanently give up on her dreams. Olsen believes that one cannot find a balance between ones mundane responsibilities and one’s dreams. She believes that, â€Å"you must choose between your art and fulfillment as a woman†. Her pessimistic belief that she is the victim of â€Å"coercive working of sexiest oppression†, causes her to relinquish her lifelong goals. Although she admits that some women try to have a family life and become a writer, her negative perspective on the world causes her to believe that their work will be, â€Å"impeded, lessened and partial†. Olsen’s downbeat attitude towards life has led her to believe that the responsibilities of motherhood has sapped her from her literary and writing talents, and has cruelly snatched away her dreams of becoming a distinguished author. Unlike Olsen, Tyler’s positive outlook on life allowed her to learn how to deal with her responsibilities. Like a child who learns how to balance on a bicycle, Tyler learns how to properly balance her life as a mother and a writer. She believes that her experience of being a mother has caused her to grow, â€Å"richer and deeper†, allowing her writing to become more profound and meaningful, â€Å"when I did write I had more self to speak from†. Tyler has successfully found a, â€Å"way to slip gracefully through a choppy life of writing novels, plastering the dining room ceiling and presiding at slumber parties†. Tyler is a successful mother and yet she is also, â€Å"still just writing†. Tyler’s optimistic outlook on life led her to become a unique individual; she is a happy easygoing housewife and mother, and a deep profound writer. Few people can fulfill their responsibilities towards others and attain their dreams. Only with a positive, upbeat, easygoing attitude, like that of Tyler, can one fulfill the time consuming, mundane tasks of life, while simultaneously achieving one’s lifelong goals. This world is a challenge, where we each must find the exact balance between our general obligations to our family and mankind, and our lifelong goals and desires. We cannot allow our mundane responsibilities to sidetrack us from reaching our goals. We must use our mind like a laser beam, and focus on what is important in our life, whether it is becoming the next great author, earning a 4. 0 GPA or developing our character traits. We should be like Anne Tyler and view our responsibilities through a positive eye, learn to appreciate them, and grow from them, but not allow them overtake our desires to accomplish our aims, ambitions, and aspirations.

Industrial Pollution And Environmental Sustainability Environmental Sciences Essay

Industrial Pollution And Environmental Sustainability Environmental Sciences Essay Industrial pollution is one of the main causes of pollution worldwide. Apart from health hazards, water pollution due to discharge of contaminated water and global warming are some of the harmful effects of industrial pollution. Industry accounts for more than half the volume of all water pollution and for the most deadly pollutants. Some 370,000 manufacturing facilities in the United States of America alone use huge quantities of freshwater to carry away wastes of many kinds. The waste-bearing water, or effluent, is discharged into streams, lakes, or oceans, which in turn disperse the polluting substances. In its  National Water Quality Inventory,  reported to Congress in 1996, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency concluded that approximately 40% of the nations surveyed lakes, rivers, and estuaries were too polluted for such basic uses as drinking supply, fishing, and swimming. The pollutants include grit,  asbestos, phosphates  and  nitrates,  mercury,  lead, caus tic soda and other sodium compounds,  sulfur  and  sulfuric acid, oils and  petrochemicals.(Sell, 1992) In addition, numerous manufacturing plants pour off undiluted corrosives, poisons, and other noxious byproducts. The construction industry discharges slurries of gypsum, cement, abrasives, metals, and poisonous solvents. Another pervasive group of contaminants entering food chains is the  polychlorinated biphenyl  (PCB) compounds, components of lubricants, plastic wrappers, and adhesives. In yet another instance of pollution, hot water discharged by factories and power plants cause thermal pollution by increasing water temperatures. This increase changes the level of oxygen dissolved in a body of water, thereby disrupting the waters ecological balance, killing off some plant and animal species while encouraging the overgrowth of others. Global warming is one of the most common and serious consequences of industrial pollution. The emission of various  greenhouse  gases such as CO2, methane (CH4), among others from various industries, increases the overall temperature of the earth, resulting in global warming. Global warming has various serious hazards, both on the environment as well as on human health. It results in melting of glaciers and snow-capped mountains, causing an increase of the water levels in seas and rivers, thereby increasing the chances of flood. Apart from this, global warming also has numerous health risks on humans, such as increase of diseases such as malaria and dengue, cholera, Lyme disease and plague, among others.(Freeman, 1995) Industrial pollution, as stated above, is one of the major causes of air pollution. With the increase in the number of industries and factories due to the industrial revolution; air pollution also has increased significantly. The emissions from various industries contain large amounts of gases such as carbon dioxide, sulphur and nitrogen, among others. These gases, when present in elevated levels in the atmosphere, often result in various environmental and health hazards such as acid rain, and various skin disorders in individuals.(Freeman, 1995) Pollution emitted from the industries is also one of the major factors contributing towards water pollution. Dumping of various industrial waste products into water sources, and improper contamination of industrial wastes, often result in polluting the water. Such water pollution disturbs the balance of the ecosystem inside, resulting in the death of various animal and plant species present in the water.(Freeman, 1995) Soil pollution is defined as a phenomenon is which the soil loses its structure and fertility due to various natural and artificial reasons. Dumping of industrial wastes is one of the prime factors contributing towards soil pollution. Industrial wastes contain large amounts of various chemicals which get accumulated on the top layer of the soil, resulting in loss of fertility of the soil. Such loss of fertility ultimately results in changes in the ecological balances of the environment due to reduction in plant growth.(Freeman, 1995) Other Common Effects Certain other common effects of industrial pollution include damaging  building sand structures, increasing the risk of various occupational hazards such as asbestosis, pneumoconiosis, among others.(Freeman, 1995) Pollution of Love Canal The infamous case of the pollution of Love Canal, on Lake Erie in New York, brought environmental pollution to the public attention in the 1970s. From 1942 to 1953, several chemical companies dumped 20,000 metric tons of chemical waste at this site. In 1953 the land was sold to the local board of education, and the 99th Street School was constructed on the land. The school attracted families to the neighborhood, which grew to contain 800 single-family homes and 240 apartment units by 1978. Unfortunately, eighty different chemicals, including dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), started to leach through the soil, and residents began complaining of odd smells in their houses and experiencing many unexplainable health problems. The school was closed in August 1978, and the federal government contributed $10 million for the relocation of 200 families nearest the site. In 1980 President Carter sent additional funds, for the relocation of 700 more families.(Shen, 1999) Conclusion: Strict Legislation is required to control Industrial Pollution. In England and Wales, pollution from industrial installations has been controlled to some extent for over 150 years. The Pollution Prevention and Control (England and Wales) Regulations 2000 (the PPC Regulations) were introduced under the Pollution Prevention and Control Act 1999 and built on existing systems. The PPC Regulations replaced the pollution control regimes called Integrated Pollution Control (IPC) and Local Air Pollution Control which had been set up under Part I of the Environmental Protection Act 1990 (EPA 1990). The PPC Regulations also transposed the Integrated Pollution and Prevention and Control Directive (now Directive 2008/1/EC) the IPPC Directive. The primary aim of the IPPC Directive is to ensure a high level of environmental protection and to prevent and where that is not practicable, to reduce emissions to acceptable levels. Separate legislative provisions are in place to transpose the IPPC Direc tive in Scotland, Northern Ireland and the offshore oil and gas industries. In America, federal laws stipulate that generators of hazardous waste are responsible for the proper storage and disposal chemicals from the cradle to the grave.(Department of Environment, 2009) Using environmentally-friendly products like Oil Gone Easy S-200 and supporting environmental conservation organizations are some steps that can be taken to curb industrial pollution.

A Comparison of Hemingway and Frederic in A Farewell to Arms Essay

Parallels Between Hemingway and Frederic in A Farewell to Arms      Ã‚  Ã‚   "All fiction is autobiographical, no matter how obscure from the author's experience it may be, marks of their life can be detected in any of their tales"(Bell, 17).   A Farewell to Arms by Ernest Hemingway is based largely on Hemingway's own personal experiences.   The main character of the novel, Frederic Henry, experiences many of the same situations that Hemingway lived.   Some of these similarities are exact, while some are less similar, and some events have a completely different outcome.  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ernest Hemingway was born on July 21, 1899, in Oak Park, Illinois. Hemingway worked as a reporter for the Kansas City Star after graduating from high school in 1917.   During World War I, he served as an ambulance driver in the Italian infantry and was wounded just before his 19th birthday.   Hospitalized, Hemingway fell in love with an older nurse.   Later, while working in Paris as a correspondent for the Toronto Star, he became involved with the expatriate literary and artistic circle surrounding Gertrude Stein.   During the Spanish Civil War, Hemingway served as a correspondent on the loyalist side. He fought in World War II and then settled in Cuba in 1945. In 1954, Hemingway was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature.   After his expulsion from Cuba by the Castro regime, he moved to Idaho.   In his life, Hemingway married four times and wrote numerous essays, short stories and novels.   The effects of Hemingway's lifelo ng depressions, illnesses and accidents caught up with him. In July 1961, he committed suicide in Ketchum, Idaho.   What remains, are his works, the product of a talented author.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A Farewell to Arms is the stor... ...est Hemingway: The Writer in Context. Ed. James Nagel. Madison: U of Wisconsin, 1984. Bloom, Harold. Introduction. Ernest Hemingway's A Farewell to Arms. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea, 1987. Donaldson, Scott. "Frederic Henry's Escape and the Pose of Passivity." Hemingway: A Revaluation. Ed. Donald R. Noble. Troy: Whitson, 1983. Lewis, Wyndham. Twentieth Century Interpretations of A Farewell to Arms. Ed. Jay Gellens. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice, 1970. 56-64. Schneider, Daniel. "Hemingway's A Farewell to Arms: The Novel as Pure Poetry." Modern Fiction Studies, 14 (Autumn 1968): 283-96. Spanier, Sandra Whipple. "Hemingway's Unknown Soldier: Catherine Barkley, the Critics, and the Great War." New Essays on A Farewell to Arms. Ed. Scott Donaldson. New York: Cambridge U, 1990. Young, Philip. Ernest Hemingway. New York: Rinehart, 1952.   

Life vs. Death Penalty

The death penalty has been one of the most debated topics in America for years. It holds the same level of importance in politics as abortion or gun control because it is such a controversial subject. The stance that I currently hold with this debate is closer towards life in prison. Not because I don't fully believe that someone who kills a lot of people or does Just horrible acts should 100% be punished and possibly killed themselves, but because I find more benefits towards keeping someone in Jail for life. For example, the cost to keep someone in Jail is a lot cheaper than it is to kill them.A study in 2011 showed that it cost California more than $4 billion dollars to do executions since 1978. $1. 94 billion went towards the trails, $925 million towards Automatic Appeals and State Habeas Corpus Petitions, $775 million towards Federal Habeas Corpus Appeals, and $1 billion went towards Costs of Incarceration. And we can't forget how much it costs to pay for the security guards who look over these inmates. The total cost to pay these security guards a year comes up to $90,000 PER INMATE a year. It's also been said that the death penalty trails are 20 times more expensive than a trail for imprisonment without parole.If the Governor of California sentenced the inmates that are on death row to life in prison he could save almost $170 million a year! The Executive of the DPIC stated, â€Å"The death penalty in the U. S. is an enormously expensive and wasteful program with no clear benefits. All of the studies on the cost of capital punishment conclude it is much more expensive than a system with life sentences as the maximum penalty. In a time of painful budget utbacks, states are pouring money into a system that results in a declining number of death sentences and executions that are almost exclusively carried out in Just one area of the country.As many states face further deficits, it is an appropriate time to consider whether maintaining the costly death pena lty system is being smart on crime. † Another reason that life in Jail is a better punishment is because it is an actual effective punishment. There is nothing that shows that the death penalty has been effective in lowering crimes. To be in a prison cell for your entire life with nothing to o but think, sit, sleep, eat, and maybe a recreational activity or two, that is actually worse than death.Being in prison sends some people crazy or can possibly change them completely, which I believe is a way better punishment because they are forced to live with the crime that they committed. Death would be an easy and quick way out. Granted, the death row inmates are doing nothing but sitting, thinking, and waiting. That is what they are doing, waiting. They are waiting for the end, because they, unlike the other inmates, have an end. And honestly how is that fair, we for hatever reason think that if we kill them that will teach them and others like them to never commit the bad acts ag ain, when in fact we are making it simple for them.The DPIC executive said, â€Å"The nation's police chiefs rank the death penalty last in their priorities for effective crime reduction. The officers do not believe the death penalty acts as a deterrent to murder, and they rate it as one of most inefficient uses ot taxpayer dollars in tgnting crime. Criminologists concur that the death penalty does not effectively reduce the number of murders. † The death sentence is absolute, here is no reversing it so if we execute someone and more evidence comes up that later proves someone innocent, we can't take back the execution. 40 people were wrongly executed since 1973. The most common reason for people wrongfully being charged with the death penalty are false confessions, witness errors, government misconduct, faulty science, bad lawyers or snitch testimonies. Also believe it or not but race does play a factor in whether or not someone can receive the death penalty vs. life in pris on. Just about 68% of inmates that are on death row are non-whites. We simply cannot say we live in a country that offers equal Justice to all Americans when racial disparities plague the system by which our society imposes the ultimate punishment. Senator Russ Feingold, 2003. In 1990, a report from the General Accounting Office said that 82% of the cases that were reviewed showed that if the criminal killed a white person they were more likely to be sent to death row than if they killed another minority. There are currently 1,822 minority inmates on death row and there has been approximately 394 minorities executed since 1976, comparing his to the 1,475 white death row inmates and the 643 that have been executed.Something interesting is the death rate by homicide in California varies sole by race. African Americans are six times more likely to be murdered than whites in California. While 27. 6% of murder victims are white, 80% of executions in California have been for those convict ed of killing whites. Lastly, the death penalty is Just morally wrong. How do we as a country Justify that someone is being punished for murder or something of that sort and to correct/ punish this behavior we execute them. That is o backwards.America is a country that frowns upon other countries who don't value life but we don't really know how to back up that thinking because we are a country who grew up knowing to fix problems with violence. After George W. Bush stated in the 2000 presidential elections, â€Å"l don't think you should support the death penalty to seek revenge. I don't think that's right. I think the reason to support the death penalty is because it saves other people's lives† Family guy retaliated with, â€Å"l support the death penalty to teach people killing is wrong† Brian on Family Guy.When you think bout it, how does killing the inmate keep us any safer than Just keeping them in Jail forever? At the end of the day no one is being harmed, and ev eryone who is outside of prison is safe. The families of the victims can have peace of mind that they know the person will rot in prison and everyone else no longer has to even wonder if that person will come for them next. It's a win win situation. Until someone comes up with a plan that is more cost effective, humane, and still effectively punishes people for crimes the same or better than life in prison does, that seems to be the best way to handle criminals.

How to Write a Dissertation in Philosophy Brief Guide

How to Write a Dissertation in Philosophy Brief Guide Writing a dissertation in philosophy is a challenging experience because this project is different from those that students are asked to do when writing academic papers in other fields of studies. You need to show how you understand complex philosophical concepts, theories, and arguments, critically assess them, and have an ability to provide your own answers to big philosophical questions. Working on the dissertation is an opportunity to conduct extended independent research and writing on a specific topic and to present this project to ones peers. Your dissertation should reflect your own views on some philosophical problem but must be based on some established part of the philosophical literature. Due to philosophy dissertation specific characteristics, writing a good final paper can be really stressful for the majority of students. If you are one of them and face difficulties in developing a coherent and logical argument to provide an answer to one of the big questions, read this article where you will find a complete guide to writing a philosophy dissertation and get quick answers to all your questions. If you have problems with completing different types of other college papers, check full guides to all writing assignments out there on our website. What Is a Dissertation in Philosophy? The goal of your final project is to get you doing philosophy. Dissertation offers you a great opportunity to develop intellectual independence and specialize in depth in a topic of interest. Your task is not just present results of your independent research, findings of different tests and experiments or your personal impressions and feelings. Instead, you need to present a reasoned defense of some claim. That means that your dissertation must present a specific point that you are trying to establish and provide justification for its acceptance or reasons to believe your claims. You need to make a statement and present logical argument to convince your readers accept your point of view. You can’t just say in your dissertation: My point of view is that B. or: Plato says that C. Instead, you should say something like this: My point of view is that B. I think so because †¦ or: Plato says that C. but the following reasons prove that it is not true. You need to create an independent inquiry-based paper. You are expected to produce a mature and a competent piece of writing which embodies the results of significant original research. To achieve that goal, you need to seek out a researchable question, decide on relevant literature to research the question, employ an appropriate methodology and draw your subsequent research together to provide a sustained and reflective argument that reveals your critical thinking skills. You need to demonstrate profound knowledge and understanding of the chosen subject and its place in philosophy as a field of knowledge. You should be able to synthesize and integrate a critical evaluation of a wide range of primary and secondary texts into a coherent argument. Present your ideas logically and defend them both in writing and orally in a rigorous way. How to Find a Good Topic for a Dissertation in Philosophy Finding a good dissertation topic is a rather difficult part of getting your PhD in philosophy and many students struggle at this step. You need to find an interesting topic of appropriate scope and depth which will be regarded as an essence of your academic identity. You need to find a subject that will suit both earning a diploma and getting a job. Since you will be searching for an initial faculty position, you should choose a topic in the fields of philosophy that are most in demand. Of course, you may pursue an independent part in your research but in this case, you are likely to face special challenges connected with finding a position. Have no idea of what to write about? Review 15 awesome philosophy dissertation topics! Logic and Metaphysics; Moral Judgment and Decision Making; The Philosophical Judgments of the Muslims; Solipsism and the Problem of Other Minds; Determinism vs. Fatalism; Difference between Living and Being Alive; Existence: Is it a Series of Random Events; Why Is Beauty Associated with Morality? Ethical Issues of Human Cloning; Womens Role in the Enlightenment; Positive Philosophy of Auguste Comte; The Role of Reflexivity in Hermeneutic Phenomenology; Hegels Philosophy of Absolute Spirit; The Purpose of Feminist Theory; Kants Theory of Self-Consciousness. Feel free to use any topic suggestion for your own project. You should choose a topic that you are passionate about or a topic which is not familiar to you but you would like to learn more about it. After you pick some interesting idea, start reading existing philosophical literature to narrow your topic down and to find some specific approach to it. Then create a research question and a thesis statement that will help you stay focused and ensure a logical argument. For example, if you decide to write a dissertation about Voltaire philosophy of history, your thesis statement may look like this one: ‘Being a severe critic of a traditional way of thinking, Voltaire made an attempt to reinterpret the religious, aesthetic, and moral views as well as the traditions, customs, and practices that were prevalent in ancient civilizations.’ How to Structure a Dissertation in Philosophy and Make an Outline The structure of a typical dissertation in philosophy should include at a minimum, the following elements: Title conveys the main message of your paper; Introduction briefly explains your main claim and how you are going to prove it; Sections with headings explain different aspects of your topic and contribute to overall argument; Conclusion provides information about implications of the central claim and suggests possible areas for further research; References section provides a list of sources in an alphabetical order. The general requirement to structuring your dissertation is that you should present an argument which culminates in a particular central claim (evaluative or interpretive) and use logic to persuade your readers that your claim is true. If you have no idea how to organize your project, you can take an article in a scientific journal as an example you can follow. Remember: you need to provide an original, independent piece of research that is based on primary texts and relevant secondary sources but it’s crucial to draw your own conclusion. Structure of a dissertation in philosophy is very important because it allows you to: Provide a context for your topic and explain the background assumptions; Build a sustained argument to reach a conclusion; Explain why your conclusions matter; Anticipate possible objections and respond to them. You should break the content of your dissertation into chapters and each chapter should have a specific focus and contribute to the overall argument. Before you start writing your draft, create an outline of your paper and of all key arguments that you are going to present to defend your thesis statement. So, you should think about the order of explaining different terms and positions youll be discussing and presenting your own arguments, how you are going to present your opponent’s positions and the way you will offer your criticism. If you do it before you actually start writing, it will be easier for you to organize your points and get a clear understanding how they are going to fit together. A detailed outline will help you stay productive during the writing process and avoid the writer’s block which typically happens when you don’t know exactly what you are trying to say. Writing a Draft of a Dissertation in Philosophy Now let’s discuss different aspects of writing a draft and its section in your philosophy paper. Introduction When you start writing an introduction, it’s important to be concise and make the structure of your dissertation in philosophy clear to your audience. You should start with formulating your precise thesis statement so that your readers will be able to see clearly what your project sets out to achieve. You need to define special or ambiguous terms that will appear in the text of your paper to help your readers understand the argument. Tell your readers why the subject of your discussion is important for them and why should they care to read your piece of writing. Explain briefly how you are going to defend your thesis statement and outline what points you are going to make. If it’s necessary speak about the arguments you are going to criticize. Body of Your Dissertation in Philosophy When writing the main sections of your dissertation, you need to be concise but at the same time explain yourself fully. You should develop a strong and coherent argument to support your thesis. Don’t skip any steps assuming that your readers will accept all premises which they don’t understand or know very little about them. If you use some claims that your audience may find doubtful, you should give your readers convincing reasons to accept that point of view. But don’t include anything in your paper that doesn’t directly address the subject, specific questions and problems related to it. It’s always better to concentrate on 1 or 2 points and develop them in detail than try to cover too many points and use multiple weaker arguments. An essential part of your philosophy dissertation is anticipating and answering objections to your argument. Dont be afraid to bring up relevant objections to your own thesis because in this way, you actually support your main argument and make it more compelling. Keep in mind that when you present objections to your argument, you should always present reasons for thinking they are true. Think about the strongest objections and reply to them. When you present your argument, you should do your best to be straightforward and say precisely what you mean. Sometimes, you will need to present examples to explain your points but it’s crucial to be as concise as possible because unnecessary words will confuse your audience and make your argument less convincing. Your dissertation doesn’t always have to give straight answers to some questions or offer definite solutions to all problems. It’s acceptable to ask questions and raise important problems in your dissertation even if you can’t provide satisfying answers to all of them. You must explain what makes such questions interesting explain your audience that you leave those questions unanswered on purpose. Don’t include lengthy quotations and don’t rely heavily on paraphrases. Use direct quotes only when it’s essential to present another writer’s exact selection of words. Keep quotes and paraphrasing to the minimum. Your task is to do original research, critically assess views of other philosophers and present your own ideas on the topic of your dissertation. Credit all your sources appropriately to avoid plagiarism. You can use any major referencing style, for example, MLA or Harvard but keep in mind that you should be consistent. Conclusion In the conclusion, you should briefly restate your thesis and key points and explain why you think your paper has achieved its goals and what your argument has established. Don’t include any new information in this section of your paper or any examples. You can also emphasize the significance of the problem and make suggestions about further research. Revise and Edit Your Dissertation in Philosophy Don’t think that you will be able to write your philosophy dissertation from scratch without revising the structure and the content of your arguments multiple times. Any first draft can be improved significantly by rewriting. You should edit boldly focusing on clarity of the overall structure of your argument to ensure that it is as concise as possible and clear for your readers. Remember that shorter drafts are always better drafts and clear sentences are the result of thorough and tough-minded editing. Edit your paper to ensure that the final draft of your dissertation in philosophy offers the clearest expression you can manage in your argument and proofread the final draft multiples time to make it the best it can be. We hope that our guide to writing a dissertation in philosophy will help you successfully cope with this challenging task and make a great impression on your committee.

Rhetorical Analysis of Reagans First Inaugural Address essays

Rhetorical Analysis of Reagan's First Inaugural Address essays The First Inaugural Address by Ronald Reagan as the 40th President of the United States was held on January 20, 1981. The inauguration marked the commencement of the first four-year term of Ronald Reagan to be remembered as one of the greatest Presidents ever. It was the first time the Inaugural Ceremony was held on the West Front (rear) of the capital, which to many Americans, that direction had always symbolized the boundless manifest destinies of opportunity. In this speech, the President talks about the many problems that America was facing back then. These problems included a huge deficit coupled with inflation, a horrible tax burden that showed no signs of progress, and government over spending and over regulation. He goes on to state that the government is the main reason for these problems. Reagan's Address gave him the platform and opportunity to introduce his smaller vision of government in a clear manner. This is where he argued that "government is not the solution" to the many problems America faced at the time. It becomes clear on how Regan wishes to bring a deregulated focus into government affairs. The government must learn to work alongside and not over the very people who gave them power in order to restore America to its original greatness. His belief of how this will "trickle down" to all Americans is brought out in his assertion that there is a "special interest group" who will benefit greatly from this deregulated emphasis: "We, the people." Reagan does a great job of combining the dire need for deregulation along with the vision of hope and prosperity he sees as intrinsic to American identity. This speech has by far one of the most important messages in regards to what America was founded for. Its powerfully effective statement can still be seen as meaningful as it still has many ties with the issues we are facing today as a country. The main purpose of this speech was aimed at p...

Why You Might Want to Rethink Your Memoir

Why You Might Want to Rethink Your Memoir Stranger Than Fiction? Probably Not: Why you might want to rethink your memoir Today, our lovely editor and Reedsy advisor Rebecca Heyman shares her thoughts on writing memoirs. In this lively and informative post, Becca offers some brilliant no-nonsense insights on the competitiveness of the memoir genre and why fiction might be a safer bet.Memoir is everywhere. The genre is pervasive, clogging slush  piles and hard drives and bookshelves. Part of its ubiquity might have  something to do with the pop-psych notion fed to so many Millenials for so  long, that we are all special and unique, our perspectives and experience  critical. Another contributing factor is a literal interpretation of the  author’s adage, â€Å"Write what you know,† which is in fact a call to use your experience  as a launching point for story, not a script.To be clear: I am not addressing those writers producing  memoir to establish a family legacy. In this article, I’m talking specifically to those authors who plan to query agents or indie-publish- in  short, those who intend their work for public consumption.Okay, now that we’ve got that squared away, allow me to tell  you why a vast majority of memoirists would be better off committing their  creative energy to a novel or, if you must, a short story collection.Reason #1: You don’t  have an existing platformHave a look at the best-selling memoirs for 2014. In  preparation for writing this post, I looked at lists by the New York Times, the Guardian, Huffington Post, The Daily Beast, and more. What I found  is that close to 70% of the titles on all these lists came from famous  people- politicians, celebrities, musicians, or figures of national import. The  remaining 30-or-so percent of successful memoirs came from people with  extraordinary personal experiences (think Cheryl Strayed’s Wild adventure), or previously published authors or poets.Even based on such an unscientific survey, it’s easy to see  that the memoirs selling best giv e readers a glimpse into a life most of us  can’t imagine. And since the best  memoirs transport us to another time and place the same way a good novel does,  that distance between reader and author experience is critical. Follow Becca and Reedsy on Twitter: @RFaithEditorial and @ReedsyHQWhat are your thoughts on memoir writing? Is the genre too competitive and dominated by celebrities for first-time authors to stand a chance? Let us know your thoughts, or ask Becca any question, in the comments below!

Macro forces analysis within an international market Essay

Macro forces analysis within an international market - Essay Example n customers realize that the product gives them the satisfaction that they need, they will be buying the product from the producer or supplier since it meets their needs and wants. Generally, this paper will analyze the macro environment factors within an international market for investors who are willing to start a fruit juice processing company in the United States. The paper will also provide a research on the macro environment factors in the US and will give recommendations to the investor whether to invest or not. In the analysis of the macro environment of the fruit juice processing industry use of PESTEL analysis framework to scan the environment in United States will be of great advantage. One of the factors that the investors should consider is the technological factor. The investors should consider looking at the technological inventions in the United States which will help in the processing of the fruit juices. The more advancement in technology, the more the production hence high returns due to the mass production of products that are availed to the consumers. According to the CIA (20), World Fact Book, United States is a country that has undergone a very rapid technology advancement since colonialism. It has made many inventions which have brought a transformation in the fruit juice production industry. The investors should consider placing their business in United States because of its technological advancement. Another factor that the investors should consider is the economic status in the United States. Economic factor will influence the consumer buying power and investors should understand the economic trend of United States because of positioning the business. During inflation, the prices rise and the customer’s income is not sufficient to sustain them hence low demand for goods. United States is a country that is economically stable and has no problems of unemployment. Where there is employment opportunities there are reduced cases of poor

Event Handling And Web Forms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Event Handling And Web Forms - Essay Example Since their inception in the early 1990's, Web forms have become the essential interface of the transactional Web. They are a central component of e-commerce applications and are used to collect business-critical information. It has also been said that Web forms are changing the paradigm of Business workflows. Do you agree with this? Discuss this in the relation of Business workflows and data collection at various points of these workflows. Any company that is engaged in e-commerce has to deal with information at three stages – ordering of a product, processing of that order and shipping the product to the customer. Different information needs to be available at these three points and also needs to be transferred from one point to another. Web forms are one of the most exciting innovations of modern times. They allow the business to interact directly with clients, prospective customers and even the employees of the organization. With the advent of web forms, business workflows of organizations have changed drastically. The first effect of web forms has been the creation of a platform-independent environment for e-commerce. Business workflows are basically concerned about collecting of information which might be unstructured and then moving this information in a structured format to the back end where it can be used for information processing. Until the advent of web forms, structured data was the purview of database applications and the unstructured information was collected through different tools.

Home work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Home work - Essay Example aty incorporated more enforcement provisions, there would be lower environmental degradation and environmental clean up would never be a burden to the citizens. Zapatista National Liberation Army’s point of opposing NAFTA and free trade was grounded on the concept of â€Å"Land and Liberty†. That is, the rebellion was ecologically motivated. The revolt region, Chiapas, had three distinct ecological zones, threatened by industrialization. With NAFTA, the indigenous people would be affected because of increased tariffs, which the Zapatistas viewed as a death warrant for the native people. The US government pays farmers not to produce portraying the program as environmental protection initiative. However, the program substituted price support programs fro farmers and is clearly a form of income support initiative. This practice should continue as long as there is enough food supply to the US citizens and farmers are actually willing to give up farming. The fourth agricultural revolution might focus on growing food in areas of close proximity to the market to reduce the impact of emission through burning fossil fuels during transportation of farm produce to markets. It is likely to entail utilitarian urban ecology with green roof tops. In early periods, natives of LDCs were ferried to Europe and America, depleting LDCS, especially Africa, of its workforce and pumping slaves in their own systems for development purposes. Also, global economic policies are in such a way that they favor developed nations while they oppress LDCs. However, LDCs are also to be held responsible for their underdevelopment for numerous reasons. First, LDCs are characterized by poor leadership that lacks accountability. Second, LDCs population growth is far much above the rate of economic growth, putting a lot of strain on available resources. Third, LDCs are characterized by political instability, which is an enemy to development progress. Rapid population growth reduces development

I need a conclusion statement (ppragraph) for Google Glass Research Paper

I need a conclusion statement (ppragraph) for Google Glass - Research Paper Example Google glass is a new application, and people are not familiar with its usability. It has applications that are different from those existing in mobile computers such as car navigation system, laptops, and cell phones. The Google Glass software is at the trial stages hence can be considered immature and difficult for people to apply. It is also not practical for the Google to physically train their customers on how to use the gadget. However, there are some programs that can be accessed via internet that can train people on how to use the Glass. The programs are also able to involve people from their convenient places such as their homes and workplace by giving feedback as well as asking questions (Kaufman 77). The fact that the Google Glass is a new technology, many users fear that their privacy may be jeopardized. Some think that the gadget may be used in monitoring their privacy in their workplace as well as their homes. People using the Glass scare others by making them think that the persons wearing the Glass is secretly taking photos and videos which can be shared to a remote server and be used for other purposes. It is as a result of the breach of privacy that people are barred from using the Glass in places such as casinos and other personal businesses premises. Though the gadget is used in sending and receiving text, e-mails, news updates and photos just like the phones, the Google has to address issues related to privacy. The fact that the technology is very new in the market, not much has been done to determine its safety on the users. There are reported cases where people without vision problem experience headache and eyestrains after using the glass for a short time. There is also an unknown risk to people with eye problems such as those who had once undergone a Lasik surgery after using the Glass. The use of the Google Glass is also not suitable for children under the age of 13

Correlation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Correlation - Assignment Example Correlation helps so much and the complex correlational designs that are there recently are of so much help since they allow very little causal inferences (Riccardo, 2005). Some of the variables such as those which are related to malnutrition and other cases like age and birth order since they correlational in nature. They require correlational evidence in order to be proven scientifically. Correlation is also very important in statistics since it helps us so much to make predictions since when one is able to understand the score of something one is able to predict more accurately the next score having basis on correlation. Under controlled experimental conditions the evidence that has been gotten from studies that have used correlation one can be able to test the evidence. Correlation is a very good method and by the use of its designs appropriately causal inferences are limited. It is cheaper when using some of the correlation. Most of the methods used in correlation are not expensive. It is very fast and cheap and also easy to apply. It helps the researchers to collect data in a very short time. Correlation is very effective (Thomas,

The IKEA Business in the UAE According to the Market Demand Research Paper

The IKEA Business in the UAE According to the Market Demand - Research Paper Example In order to acquire the market share and to be labelled as one of the leading businesses in the world, IKEA has its control over the channels of production and distribution (BusinessWeek 2005). Due to the significance of marketing channels for market acceptance and profitability, developing a formal planning process for formulating and choosing channels is vital (Stern & El-Ansary 1982, p. 222). Much of this control is spelt out in its code of conduct that it calls â€Å"The IKEA Way on Purchasing Home Furnishing Products† (IKEA 2010). This code was launched in 2000 (IKEA 2010). It indicates what suppliers should look forward to from IKEA and suggests what IKEA should expect from its suppliers (IKEA 2010). It not only spells out its expectations in terms of legal requirements, working conditions, external environment, and forestry management but also puts a great deal of emphasis on the active prevention of child labour (IKEA 2010). These policies and guidelines will be utiliz ed when implementing the IKEA business in the UAE. As previously mentioned, IKEA’s biggest competitive advantage over other home stores is its low prices. The low prices are the single element that drives IKEA’s cost reduction strategy. This strategy provides the company with its greatest opportunity but also its greatest challenge. The firm is passionate about cutting costs and transferring savings to the customer. This cost-cutting governs the process of design. Therefore, unless a design can be made affordable, it will not end up in IKEA’s showrooms or catalogues no matter how otherwise marketable the item might be.

I need a conclusion statement (ppragraph) for Google Glass Research Paper

I need a conclusion statement (ppragraph) for Google Glass - Research Paper Example Google glass is a new application, and people are not familiar with its usability. It has applications that are different from those existing in mobile computers such as car navigation system, laptops, and cell phones. The Google Glass software is at the trial stages hence can be considered immature and difficult for people to apply. It is also not practical for the Google to physically train their customers on how to use the gadget. However, there are some programs that can be accessed via internet that can train people on how to use the Glass. The programs are also able to involve people from their convenient places such as their homes and workplace by giving feedback as well as asking questions (Kaufman 77). The fact that the Google Glass is a new technology, many users fear that their privacy may be jeopardized. Some think that the gadget may be used in monitoring their privacy in their workplace as well as their homes. People using the Glass scare others by making them think that the persons wearing the Glass is secretly taking photos and videos which can be shared to a remote server and be used for other purposes. It is as a result of the breach of privacy that people are barred from using the Glass in places such as casinos and other personal businesses premises. Though the gadget is used in sending and receiving text, e-mails, news updates and photos just like the phones, the Google has to address issues related to privacy. The fact that the technology is very new in the market, not much has been done to determine its safety on the users. There are reported cases where people without vision problem experience headache and eyestrains after using the glass for a short time. There is also an unknown risk to people with eye problems such as those who had once undergone a Lasik surgery after using the Glass. The use of the Google Glass is also not suitable for children under the age of 13

The IKEA Business in the UAE According to the Market Demand Research Paper

The IKEA Business in the UAE According to the Market Demand - Research Paper Example In order to acquire the market share and to be labelled as one of the leading businesses in the world, IKEA has its control over the channels of production and distribution (BusinessWeek 2005). Due to the significance of marketing channels for market acceptance and profitability, developing a formal planning process for formulating and choosing channels is vital (Stern & El-Ansary 1982, p. 222). Much of this control is spelt out in its code of conduct that it calls â€Å"The IKEA Way on Purchasing Home Furnishing Products† (IKEA 2010). This code was launched in 2000 (IKEA 2010). It indicates what suppliers should look forward to from IKEA and suggests what IKEA should expect from its suppliers (IKEA 2010). It not only spells out its expectations in terms of legal requirements, working conditions, external environment, and forestry management but also puts a great deal of emphasis on the active prevention of child labour (IKEA 2010). These policies and guidelines will be utiliz ed when implementing the IKEA business in the UAE. As previously mentioned, IKEA’s biggest competitive advantage over other home stores is its low prices. The low prices are the single element that drives IKEA’s cost reduction strategy. This strategy provides the company with its greatest opportunity but also its greatest challenge. The firm is passionate about cutting costs and transferring savings to the customer. This cost-cutting governs the process of design. Therefore, unless a design can be made affordable, it will not end up in IKEA’s showrooms or catalogues no matter how otherwise marketable the item might be.

Identifying the Intertwining Aspects of Free

Identifying the Intertwining Aspects of Freedom Essay To truly comprehend the depth of ones’ determination, a literary character-psychologist must take a step back and realign their perspective with various individualistic and public opinions. In my analysis of Richard Rodriguez’s: Hunger of Memory The Education of Richard Rodriguez and Azar Nafisi’s Reading Lolita in Tehran I shall ponder the intricacies of several major themes associated within these controversial texts. In uncovering the underlying principles, we must first accept that there are intermingling concepts and themes. These themes and concepts are vital to the overall arguments found in each literary work. My analysis shall play a key role in evaluating how each piece plays its own role within the respective work. My diligent analysis shall ultimately focus on: the interweaving significance of self-identity, the essence behind a characters acceptance of public identity, the overwhelming drive to be successful in an ethnocentric society, the challenges associated with overcoming adversity, the complex vitality of ones’ definition of freedom(s), and finally the all-encompassing importance associated with education. My scrutiny of these works shall bring several sources into play in order to support the conclusions being drawn within this paper. Along with two literary works which emphasize the central themes expressed above, I shall be incorporating the movie, iRobot, one magazine article, one newspaper article, a reliable internet source, a singular case study, and lastly a peer interview into the scope of my paper. From the get-go, I shall seek to instill within the reader the acceptance that these themes are both an internalized as well as externalized challenge. We shall be uncovering how these changes affect different individuals on differing emotional, psychological, sociological, and physical levels. Let us proceed with comprehending the significance of how self-identity is formed on the part of our characters and how it affects our perspective of self-freedoms. Self-identity is essentially a private perspective being formed of how one reflects how they see themselves. Per Wikipedia, this self-concept is all about the â€Å"mental and conceptual understanding and persistent regard that sentient beings hold for their own existence† and is key to comprehending who you feel that you truly are on the inside. On the part of Richard Rodriguez, his self-perspective was one of true confusion where his â€Å"words could not stretch far enough to form complete thoughts† and his embarrassment â€Å"to hear (his) parents speak in public (where) their high-whining vowels and guttural consonants† was so unlike â€Å"the way gringos spoke† (14-15). Lost within his own misconceptions of American versus his Mexican immigrate status, he succumbed to being quiet, and timid. In his novel, he reflects that today he hears â€Å"bilingual educators say that children lose a degree of ‘individuality’ by becoming assimilated into public society† but they fail to see that assimilation has its benefits and is a necessity (26). This is because it eventually leads to a public individuality versus the private one; hence, isolation is less prevalent. Feeling secure within the world of books, he delved into reading and acquiring acknowledge as a means to understanding his essence. This tactic was one method of uncovering ones’ self-identity. The old saying that knowledge is power always plays an intricate role within a developing young mind and personality. For Rodriguez, this attainment of knowledge led to a greater comfort level in his sense of freedom. The case study from Economic Mobility of Immigrants in the United States from Economic Mobility Project states that â€Å"†¦second generation immigrants exceed the educational attainment of the first generation†¦(where) education is (considered) one vehicle that immigrants use to help their children get ahead. † This case study indicates that education is a determinant of wages and income in the United States, which Rodriguez had the early foresight to see. The bar graphs presented in this case study show that there is a definite correlation between those without an education from immigrants families and the amount of money they brought in weekly and annually. Because Rodriguez was socially disadvantaged, came from a family without an education, and characterized as lacking linguistic skills, he found himself literally tongue-tied in social environments. Instead he wisely shut himself off from the social world, and uncovered the monumental significance of learning material that children his age perhaps ignored. This level of sophistication created a self-identity tied to sophisticated thoughts and impressions. He indicates that he â€Å"felt that (he) had somehow committed a sin of betrayal by learning English† and though he acknowledges that he â€Å"turned to English with angry reluctance† he felt that his parents â€Å"encouraged (him) to learn English† (30). His social growth was stagnate at first by his overwhelming concern that people did not comprehend his immigrant status, but upon coming to terms with his ethnocentric background and westernization his self-awareness grew by leaps and bounds. As a â€Å"scholarship boy† (62) , he found himself literally memorizing words and phrases presented to students by their teachers. His self-identity became inter-wound with the idea of success, and this was â€Å"his primary reason for success in the classroom†¦(and) that schooling was changing and separating him from the life he enjoyed before becoming a student† (45). His drive for education enabled him to seek out new information and achieve successes that he might otherwise not have sought out. He has had the chance to incorporate his self-identity into an acceptance of his public one. His public identity was fashioned after society saw a well-educated Mexican immigrant who was driven by education and knowledge to pursue his dreams for higher education. Prior, the public had seen immigrants as mainly blue collar works with limited English linguistic skills and considered immigrants to be worthy of only remedial jobs. He reflects that â€Å"dark skin for my mother was the most important symbol of a life of oppressive labor and poverty†¦and the work (his) father found in San Francisco was work for the unskilled. A factory job†¦(where there was)†¦noise and heat.. and the dark stench of old urine† (119-120). These stories from his parents and awareness of blue collar jobs aided Rodriguez in his endeavors to educate himself; thus building a higher level of self-esteem that he otherwise would have lacked considering his preoccupation and concern that he was of immigrant status. His early and youthful withdraw from his family might be considered somewhat of a con, but in fact it showed him that his family in its way supported his desire to be successful and not become part of the blue collar workforce. His assimilation and learning of English lead to â€Å"diminished occasions of intimacy† at home because he â€Å"sensed the deepest truth about language and intimacy: Intimacy is not created by a particular language; it is created by intimacies† where this feeling arose because he used his public language, English, most of the day to move â€Å"easily† through society. (32) Through mature self-awareness he later became aware of the value associated with family and seemingly acknowledges that his family and immigrant background was like a reverse role model-ship. One example of this distance was when his father one day â€Å"opened a closet†¦and was startled to find me inside, reading a novel† (45) which was highly unusual and led to his family joking about what he â€Å"sees in (his) books†. This cultural adversity and mental hardships molded Rodriguez into a man who was ultimately virtuous, highly respected, successful, and knowledgeable. It also encouraged him to intellectually analyze material and find security in learning. This ethnocentric challenge to fit in is not unheard of for first generation children of immigrants. In reality, there are many immigrants from all over the world who come to America seeking to fulfill their hopes and dreams. Some come here under refugee status, some as students, others as H1 workers, and many as illegal immigrants. It is interesting that many have their own story and experience to tell about living in a foreign country. From my driving instructor, Victor Yang, I told that in Saudi Arabia they arrest both the driver and spouse of the driver if they were caught drinking while under the influence. You would think that only the guilty party would be affected, but in this manner the spouse too suffers. Therefore, the husband would probably feel less inclined to commit such a crime again as his loved ones too pay a penalty for violating the law. It might eliminate the freedom of the innocent, but for some it is the psychological and emotional embarrassment suffered by the guilty which limited the violations. I had the opportunity to work with a Muslim refugee from Bosnian who came to America as a teenager, and who was given the hard responsibility of caring for her one-armed mom whose left arm was blown off in the Bosnian marketplace, illiterate father, and young sister. She had to perform all the linguist responsibilities of obtaining paperwork, living space, find a job for her father, enrolling her kid sister in elementary school, running a household, and finally making her way through school. Her determination for education, her drive to live up to her own self-identity, her goals, and her insistence that the family not be on welfare lead to her having a successful job in corporate America. During my many conversations with her, I have heard how difficult it can be to insert your awareness of yourself and goals into a society which covertly favors Americans versus immigrants. Hers too is a story of triumph over adversity. Hers too is the story of many immigrants who faced identity hurdles, but stuck to their determination and knowledge-driven mindset. Her motto is â€Å"Always be self-driven and self-aware. † From my friend’s experiences as immigrant, I found myself curious as an American in uncovering if this â€Å"melting pot† was truly functional or fictional. One newspaper article that I ran into within the Washington Post, â€Å"America’s Racial and Ethnic Divides: Immigrants Shunning Idea of Assimilation† illustrates how a naturalized Mexican does not feel like she is American and she â€Å"resists the idea of assimilating into U. S. society (because she says) ‘I think I’m still Mexican†¦when my skin turns white and my hair turns blonde, then I’ll be an American†. From her external perspective and self-image, like Rodriguez had encountered, she is being differentiated by her skin color. The article points out that â€Å"it is no longer the melting pot that is transforming them, but they who are transforming American society. † Their inputs and idea of freedom and identity enable them to bring new perspectives and ideas into the American society; hence, the melting pot theory is invalid. We might consider it more to be a bowl of chili where every ingredient plays its own role in the end flavor. This ‘segmented assimilation, in which immigrants follow different paths to incorporation in U. S. society’ allows for immigrants to educate themselves and take advantage of opportunities and freedoms that they might not otherwise have. This also enables them to more easily face hurdles and complexities within their public identity. Richard Rodriguez found himself in a more difficult position because of his desire to not be defined as Mexican; which was his own self-identity in question.

PESTEL and SWOT Analysis of AstraZeneca pharmaceuticals

PESTEL and SWOT Analysis of AstraZeneca pharmaceuticals This is a report about entering a new market of AstraZeneca which is one of the worlds greatest pharmaceutical manufacturing companies. Being an international manager of this company, this report clearly shows the marketing plan of the company. 1.0 Introduction of AstraZeneca pharmaceuticals AstraZeneca pharmaceutical is a rapidly leading growing company that has branches in several countries. This company was formed on 6 April 1999 through the merger of Astra AB of Sweden and Zeneca Group PLC of the UK two companies with similar science-based cultures and a shared vision of the pharmaceutical industry. It is a company fully focused on single purpose, to enable the people life altering condition to live better lives. It has a portfolio of products for major diseases like cancer, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, infection, neuroscience, respiratory and inflammation. The motto of the company is to build a significant difference to patient throughout great medicines that bring do good to for patients and add value for stakeholders and society. Product market characteristics AstraZeneca is an innovative driven biopharmaceutical global business that supplies their products in more than 100 countries. In many countries, it manufactures the products while also export products to countries where they do not have manufacturing operations. With the aim to be success, AstraZeneca has developed flexible marketing strategies to market and distributes its products in local areas of emerging market. The company focuses the skills and resources in six important areas of health care. It discovers, develops, manufactures and markets prescription pharmaceutical on the areas which include cardiovascular, cancer, infection, gastrointestinal, respiratory and inflammation. AstraZeneca is providing medicines for these worlds serious diseases. Now a day, people of every country is suffering from different type of bacterial infection. The death rate in developing country due to inflectional diseases is also increasing due to lack of appropriate medicine. There is a high demand of antibiotic medicine around the world in developing countries as well as in developed countries. Performance of AstraZeneca The performance at AstraZeneca is committed to achieve the financial and strategic objectives at the same time as maintaining the core values as the number one priority in counting to bring the best products to market all over the world. Research and Development is a key competitive advantage for this company. Without RD AstraZeneca could not have become the global leading biopharmaceutical company. The revenue of the company in 2009 was increased by 7% as well as new emerging markets businesses grew strongly by 12% revenue in constant currency time. There was improved in efficiency throughout the organization and some extra gains within other income. Although company revenue growth is slowing down due to continuous pressure on healthcare costs and pricing as well as vast competition from generic medicines, the demand for health care will derive the company future growth remain strong. (AstraZeneca Annual report 2009) 2.0 International marketing planning According to McDonald, marketing planning is a structured way of identifying a range of options for the company, of making them explicit in writing, of formulating marketing objectives which are consistent with the companys overall objectives and of scheduling and costing out the specific activities most likely to bring about the achievement of the objectives.(L S Walsh, International Marketing, third edition) 2.1 Internal and External environment It is also needed to take into consideration those internal factors close to the unit that have a direct impact on the unit and AstraZeneca strategic marketing.   These will include:   CUSTOMERS   AstraZeneca survive on the basis of meeting the needs, wants and providing benefits for their customers. Failure to do so will result in a failed business strategy.    EMPLOYEE   Employing the correct staff and keeping these staff motivated is an essential part of the strategic planning process of a AstraZeneca. Training and development plays an essential role particular in service sector marketing in-order to gain a competitive edge. The success is due to the 62,000 people they employ in their businesses. SHAREHOLDERS   It is the responsibility of the AstraZeneca to meet the expectation of Shareholder and perception. This company is trying its best to fulfill its strategy so that they can meet shareholdersexpectation.   When dealing with the marketing environment it is important for a company to become proactive. By doing so, they can create the kind of environment that they will prosper in and can become more efficient by marketing in areas with the greatest customer potential. It is important to place equal emphasis on both the macro and microenvironment and to react accordingly to changes within them. External strategy The PEST analysis examines changes in the marketplace caused by Political, Economic, Social, Technological factors. Political is political change whether it be through the European Union or the UK, from one party to another in control. Economic influences are the level of interest rates and the level of inflation. Social change involves changing attitudes and lifestyles. Technological change creates opportunities to invest in new products cutting costs. Political factors The government can have a major influence on the eating out industry, as all laws are passed through parliament. The types of laws that can affect the eating out industry are, tariffs on imports, a possible raise in value added tax and new health and safety laws, and also there is the possible introduction of laws from the European Union. So government regulations and legal issues have a direct impact on the way AstraZeneca operates. In result of growing awareness of the environmental consequences, U.K Government is planning actions to ensure aviation reflects its environmental impacts. Proposals are emerging for a tax on aviation, fuel and VAT on air tickets. Governments taxation policies and decision about the increase in the petrol prices have affected the buying power of the individuals in U.K. All of the above can cause a rise in costs so prices may rise in order to pass the costs onto the consumer. Economical factors AstraZeneca is also affected by economical factors nationally and globally. Whether an Economy is in a boom, recession or recovery will also affect consumer confidence and behavior. Economic factors have affected the purchasing power of potential customers, and the state of the internal/external economy in the short and long-term. As a result the company needs to consider: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Economic growth à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Interest rates à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Inflation rate à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Budget allocation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The level of inflation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Employment level per capita   Interest rates are the lowest they have been for forty years and this affects the rate of consumer spending on goods and services. The rate of interest affects the economy through its influence on aggregate demand, the higher the rate of interest, the lower the rate of aggregate demand. A fall in interest rates usually means that assets rise in value; this means that consumers become wealthier. Social factors Social factors will include the demographic changes, trends in the way people live, work and think and cultural aspects of the macro environment. These factors affect customer needs and the size of potential market: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Population growth rate à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Age distribution à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Internal/external emphasis on safety à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Internal/external attitudes to change à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ What is the stakeholder expectation of the unit?   Technological factors The complexities of achieving business success through increased efficiency, effectiveness and competitiveness, combined with innovative applications of modern technology, has heightened the awareness of both technology and business managers towards more strategically oriented approaches for planning and management of AstraZeneca. SWOT Factors SWOT factors refer to the strength, weaknesses, opportunity and threats of the company. The main strengths of AstraZeneca are its brands. It has an ability to deliver the potential of existing and future products through the power and reach of a combined global sales and marketing resources. It has a wide spread class coverage in key therapy area such as cardiovascular and respiratory diseases due to complementary nature of product. It is focused on constantly developing new products to expectations. Since it is a global industry it is a member of many organisations all over the world. The world population has doubled in the last 50 years from three billion to over six billion and is expected to reach nine billion by 2050. In addition, the number of people who can access the highest standards of healthcare continues to increase, particularly among the elderly, who represent a rising proportion of populations in developed nations and continue to offer opportunities for the industry to supply an expanding number of patients who can benefit from medicines. Currently, the threat of new viable competitors in the global industry is not very substantial. The main rivals of the company are GlaxoSmithKline plc, Merck Co.Inc, Novartis AG. The threat of substitutes, however, is a very real threat. The UK, and especially London, has been a prime target of the religious fundamentalists and terrorist outfits. London and other cities in the UK have been frequently under high alert since9/11 in general and after the war in Iraq in particular. 2.3 Marketing goals and objectives The main objectives of the company is to be the worlds largest pharmaceuticals company and to build a significant difference to patient all the way through great medicines that bring do good to for patients and add value for stakeholders and society. Boosting efforts to source improvement from outside the company and working in partnerships across all aspects of RD to broaden the base for a success. Market analysis Now a day, people of every country is suffering from different type of bacterial infection. The death rate in developing country due to inflectional diseases is also increasing due to lack of appropriate medicine. The demand for health care is more in every country so the companys future is bright and growth remains strong. Population are increasing and people are living longer. There is a high demand of antibiotic medicine around the world in developing countries as well as in developed countries. Although this company has its market in different countries, there are more countries where this company can gain its market. So, I have a target to provide medicines for inflectional diseases in new market. Merrem/Meronem (meropenen) is an ultra broad spectrum injectable antibiotic for a wide variety of serious infections, including meningitis and pneumonia. To meet the goals of the company even though it has its market in more than 100 countries, being an international manager of the company I would like to enter into other new market. So, first of all I am going to research the business environment of the country. I have chosen four countries Singapore, Bangladesh, Sri lanka and New Zealand. By doing PEST analysis of these countries I would choose the best one for my new market. PEST ANALYSIS OF FOUR COUNTRIES Countries Political factors Economical factors Socio cultural factors Technological factors Demographic factors Singapore Political condition is stable as there is parliament republic ,English law is accepted Highly developed and free market economy and GDP rate is also higher than other developed countries. Mix of culture and education is the main instrument Excellent transportation, communication system Population is less than other three contries ,total area is 756950sqkm Bangladesh political condition is not stable, Poor economic condition due to recession Different types of languages and religions, health standard is improving Modern communication system and advanced road system 7th highest population in the world Sri lanka republic Developing country, estimated GDP growth rate is 3.5% Various languages and religion, multi ethnic countries Sophisticated transportation communication services Population is estimated 20,238,000 New Zealand Free market economy, can compete globally Modern, Prosperous and high standard of living Rich in culture, different religious Excellent technological factors services Population is 43677000. Source: Wikipedia of all countries According to PEST analysis, I found New Zealand and Singapore are the strong country than Bangladesh and Sri lanka in every aspect. Among these two countries I am going to choose New Zealand for new market for my product. New Zealand is one of the prosperous and high living standard countries. Political environment is stable so there is no difficulty for the businesses. Since 99% of people are educated they are aware about their health and they demand for better healthcare. The average life expectancy is 80 years, as people live longer they suffer from different diseases. 3.0 Market Entry Strategy There are different methods of entering an overseas market. Expansion of business into international market can be done through following mechanisms which are discussed below. Export Joint Venture (franchising, licensing) Foreign Direct Investment Export: It is a traditional and well established method of market entry to foreign markets. This method is less expensive as we dont have to establish new company in other market but have to find distributor for my product. Joint venture: In this type the two or more companies in different countries agree to perform the business and share the profit and bear the losses. Nowadays this method is famous as there is low risk and burden is divided. Joint venture can be done in two ways: licensing and franchising Licensing: It is a wide range of agreements relating to the sale or leasing of industrial or commercial expertise by one party to other in returns for valuable considerations. Franchising: it is a form of licensing by which the franchiser provides a standard package of components or ingredients together with management and marketing services. The franchisee provides capital, market knowledge and personal involvement. Foreign Direct Investment: It is the direct ownership of facilities in the targeted country. It is the 100%investment in that country. It can be done by acquisition of existing company in the targeted country. Advantages and disadvantages of market entry methods Methods Advantages disadvantages Export Less expensive, minimize investment, efficiency as there is speed entry. Limits access to local information and market, transportation cost may be high, risk of exchange rate of currency joint venture Low risk, less investment required, overcomes ownership and cultural distances Conflict between two parties, differences in cultures and management styles Foreign direct investment Greater knowledge of the market, 100% control, gives the company fully protection Higher risk than other methods, lack of managerial skills as well as ,expensive, 4.0 Implementing marketing plan ps Product Price Place promotion .

Evil Dead Vs. Evil Dead :: essays research papers

“Evil Dead'; in respect to “Evil Dead 2'; Main Character Personality Differences From the Original to the Remake “Evil Dead'; and “Evil Dead 2'; are both late 80’s horror movies starring Bruce Campbell as Ash, a quiet guy in his early 20’s that ends up hacking to death his demon posessed friends to avoid death. In the original “Evil Dead';, Ash tends to run from any of the daemons and scary things that come his way, until there is no one left and he is forced to protect himself. In “Evil Dead2';, Ash Starts out as a quiet guy, but when evil things start happening, he swings quickly into action. From slicing up his girlfriends possessed head to chopping off his own possessed hand, he never seems timid around danger. To accurately compare these two films, it needs to be known that “Evil Dead'; and “Evil Dead2'; are the same movie. “Evil Dead2'; is not a sequel to “Evil Dead'; but rather a remake of the original. The original let the impression of Ash being killed at the very end of the film. The remake, “Evil Dead2';, allowed the making of the sequel, “army of darkness';. In “Evil Dead';, Ash, his girlfriend, and 3 other friends rent a run-down cabin in the middle of a deserted forest for a couple nights as a vacation. Ash seems to be the easy-going push over type. He does what everyone says without question. Shortly after a tree sexually attacks one of the girls in the group she becomes possessed and attempts to kill ash’s girlfriend. While this is happening ash is standing 4 feet away with an ax, yet he is too scared to do anything. The other man in their group has to take action and lock her in the basement. According to the remake, this is unusual behavior for Ash. In “Evil Dead2';, Ash’s Girlfriend is the first individual possessed and he barely thinks twice before taking her head off with an ax and then cutting the head in half with a chain-saw. In “Evil Dead';, one of the characters tells Ash that “there’s something out there'; but ash refuses to believe. On the contrary, in “Evil Dead2';, ash tries to convince some visitors to the cabin that people are possessed and they end up locking him in the basement. In the second version of the story, Ash is made out to be a hero.

The Korean War Essay -- South Korean History

The Korean War began on June 25th, 1950 when North Korea invaded South Korea. On June 27th, 1950, American United Nations forces intervened to stop the advance. This action has positively and negatively affected both the United States and Korea. Deciding to aid South Korea in the Korean War has drastically changed the lives of many people. In 1949, China fell into Mao Zedong’s communist forces. More than 500 million Chinese and 220 million soviets lived under communist rule. Japan ruled Korea from 1905 until the end of World War 2. Most Americans had barely even heard of Korea. After World War 2, Korea was divided into North and South (Brownstone and Franck p.238). On June 25th, 1950, North Korea invaded South Korea. North Korea wanted to unify itself with South Korea and create one Korea. North Korea believed a communist government was the most beneficial government to live under. But South Korea disagreed with them. The 38th parallel is the border that divided North and South Korea (Snippets, 2011). The 38th parallel divided the capitalist Southern part of Korea and the communist Northern part of Korea (Hickey, 2010). During the Korean War, the United States had two presidents. Harry Truman was president when it began in 1950, and Dwight Eisenhower was elected in 1952. The president of South Korea during this time was Syngman Rhee (Hickey, 2010). Korea’s biggest problem has always been the lack of resources. Even today, the limited natural resources and small population have deprived them of being a more powerful nation (Snippets, 2011). China entered the war on October 19th, 1950 (Korean, 2011). General MacArthur sent American troops deep into the South. United State Senators went on television and radio and demanded that ... ...e more power. The war between North and South Korea paused with an armistice signed on July 27th, 1953. Sending troops to fight in the war illustrates the United States’ loyalty to South Korea, and this action has positively affected the United States, Korea, and many other countries. Deciding to aid South Korea in the Korean War has drastically changed the lives of many people. The world would be a lot different if the Korean War never occurred. The United States and China wouldn’t be rivals. Also, there wouldn’t be any hostility between North and South Korea, and the 38th parallel wouldn’t exist. However, the Korean War has created a strong bond between South Korea and the United States. The Korean War was also the first war in which blacks and whites fought alongside each other in the American Armed Forces and the war was a learning experience for the world.

Coffee drinking enhances the analgesic effect of cigarette smoking Essay

              Addiction is defined as a state whereby one becomes one cannot do without a certain stimuli which one has compulsive engagement often getting a reward but the end results are adverse. An individual is not able to control the various aspects which form part of their addiction and they often compelled to repeat the same behavior or have the same substance over and over again. A habit may also become an addiction if one engages in the same habit often. Furthermore, the addiction of an individual to a certain substance or even an activity often leads to very serious problems which can be experienced at school, home and even within the social network that an individual has. There are several types of addictions and some of whi9ch will be analyzed and discussed in this essay include coffee addiction, internet addiction as well as cigarette or nicotine addiction. Internet addiction             Internet addiction, as the name suggests results from the constant and continued browsing through the internet and being online for longer hours without having any specific objective that one wants to achieve (Christakis, 61). The daily routine browsing and surfing ion the internet for longer hours whereby any interruptions of such activity causes one to become irritated often can be considered as internet addiction. The constant and unstoppable yet obsessive browsing of the internet started with the introduction and the use of internet. Over the years, this has grown a lot as a result of the developments and the ease of access to the internet which has been experienced (Christakis, 61). Internet addiction is experienced through the effect that online materials such as pornography, gaming, blogging, gambling and even networking have on individuals in the society. Internet addiction will manifest itself when one is seen to be pre-occupied with thoughts about the in ternet on the various activities they carry out on the internet.                Furthermore, the increased use of internet, depression, seemingly to be moody as well as restless when one attempt to stop using the internet also form signs of internet addiction (Christakis, 61). When one uses the internet to avoid real life situations, often tells lies about their involvement with the internet are also signs one may be addicted to the internet. The effects are that one becomes withdrawn from real life relationships, physical discomfort, anxiety and depression. Furthermore, it has negative effects on family, occupations, financial status as well as academic work and performance. To address this issue, one has to recognize and accept they have a problem (Christakis, 61). After determining and accepting there is a problem, one should seek a â€Å"Certified Addictions Counselor† who is trained on handling and treating internet addiction. Cigarette/Nicotine Addiction               The second type of addiction that is addressed in this paper is cigarette or nicotine addiction. This kind of addiction started long time ago and for many centuries people have been addicted to cigarette. The use of cigarette was in the past viewed as a way of showing prestige since people that were wealthy were the ones often seen smoking cigarettes (Balfour, et al., 438-45). It tobacco has been used for a long time across the world. However, it is to be noted that tobacco contains nicotine, an addictive substance and quite poisonous. Furthermore, when nicotine is taking in small doses, it can act as a stimulant to the central nervous system of the body which makes one become more active. The large part of nicotine is often metabolized in the liver after which it is excreted from the kidney. Nicotine is known to remain in the blood system for up to eight hours after one has stopped smoking. Smoking is a habit that one adopts and regular smoking makes the body tolerant to nicotine which then means one has to smoke more cigarettes to satisfy the craving that is developed (Balfour, et al., 438-45). As one continues to use cigarettes, the symptoms of withdr5awal are experienced which becomes an indication that one has developed dependency on cigarettes and cannot do without it hence addiction.               The signs of cigarette addiction can be seen when one starts smoking â€Å"few† sticks of cigarette after which one starts smoking a whole pack of cigarettes in a day. This is a clear indication that the individual has developed tolerance to the nicotine contained in the cigarettes hence needs large amounts of the same to satisfy the urge. The other sign of dependency on cigarette is withdrawal. This refers to the physical symptoms which can be observed in an individual when they stop of fail to use the cigarette which may include restlessness, anxiety as well as drowsiness among others (Balfour, et al., 438-45). Furthermore, a tobacco addict will also be seen to select to engage and be around people who smoke, take on jobs that will allow them to smoke as well as hiding or even sneaking cigarettes in areas where it is prohibited. For parents who are addicted, they will be seen to smoke even around their children despite knowing that it is harmful to th e health of their children.               The side effects of this addiction include lung cancer, emphysema, as well as heart disease.   The continued use of nicotine often results in high blood pressure, contraction of blood vessels hence inhibiting flow of blood (Balfour, et al., 438-45). The carbon monoxide from the cigarette smoke often results in insufficient oxygen in the blood. Furthermore, cigarette addiction results in one becoming nervous, always feeling shaky and even anxious for no good reason if they fail to use the cigarette. To address this type of addiction, one is required to seek professional help from â€Å"Certified Addictions Counselor† who will be able to provide professional help (Balfour, et al., 438-45). The support from family members as well as friends is also important in overcoming this addiction. Coffee Addiction             Coffee addiction is also another type of addiction which is seen to have affected the society quite a lot. Coffee addiction results from the intake of caffeine which is a stimulant (Nastase, Anca, et al., 921-24). Caffeine when taken often stimulates the nervous system and the continued use of coffee often results in physical dependence although quite mild. However, it is to be noted that caffeine is not as addictive as the other types of stimulants which people often use and it does not have the same threats to social, physical as well as economic health of an individual (Nastase, Anca, et al., 921-24).               Coffee has been in use for many centuries as a household drink most often taken in the morning or anytime that one feels they need to have coffee. It has been noted that when one takes two or even more cups of coffee in a day, and then stops abruptly the use of coffee, there are several symptoms which will be experienced. One is likely to experience symptoms of withdrawal such as headaches, anxiety, fatigue, depressed moods, irritability as well as difficulty in concentrating on one issue (Nastase, Anca, et al., 921-24). Caffeine use and dependency can be stopped, gradually by talking coffee in small quantities until that time when one completely stops using coffee. It is also advisable to seek professional help from a â€Å"Certified Addictions Counselor† who is in a better position to help out with the dependency. References Balfour, D., et al. â€Å"Diagnosis and treatment of nicotine dependence with emphasis on nicotine replacement therapy. A status report.† European Heart Journal 21.6 (2000): 438-445. Christakis, Dimitri A. â€Å"Internet addiction: a 21st century epidemic?.† BMC medicine 8.1 (2010): 61. Nastase, Anca, et al. â€Å"Coffee drinking enhances the analgesic effect of cigarette smoking.† Neuroreport 18.9 (2007): 921-924. Source document

Financing and Structuring Health Care

Health of a person is very vital. All people would do anything to maintain a good health. This explains the reason why people invest in health insurance. Basically the health insurances in the U. S. takes three forms are three. They include; Health Maintenance Organizations, Point-of-Service plans and Preferred Provider Organizations (Health insurance Overview, 2009). The Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) can be described as prepaid health policies.The holders of these policies are required to pay fixed premiums each month which covers the holder together with his or her family by offering physicians visit, emergency care and laboratory checks along with other therapeutic services. It entails a wide infirmary exposure, has a huge association of pharmaceutical stores. HMOs involve contractual agreement between the covered parties through doctors to access treatment services. It is not mandatory that one pays co-insurable. The only payment required is a small co-payment every tim e you visit the healthcare center.An example is $10 physician’s appointment fee and $25 emergency section cure fee. Any of the mentioned services in the contract does not require the procedures of filling forms. All that is required to access any service in the hospital is a HMO card. The insurance policy offers preventive measures like immunizations, mammograms, check ups and so on. The only disadvantage it has is the long bureaucratic procedures before accessing the service (Health insurance Overview, 2009). Point-Of-Service plans (POS) calls for the holder to identify personal doctor from an association of sources.The holder can outsource from the association but in such a case the benefits will be reduced. Selecting a personal doctor of Personal Care Physician from the network saves the company some money. The third type of health insurance is the Preferred Provider organization (PPOs). It is a blend of Health Maintenance Organizations and Fee-for service. They resemble H MO on the limitation of health centers and doctors choice in the approved list. The figure must fall within the agreed range. For your bills to be paid all you need is to hand in your card. It is mandatory to pay co-insurance as well as selecting a personal doctor.A vast majority of them offer preventive care services such as immunizations, doctor appointments besides mammograms. In case you consult a doctor outside the plan, one has to fill a form and the coverage is partial leaving the lager portion on you. The filling of forms involves only the cases that were handled by doctors outside the plan (Health insurance Overview, 2009). 2. Describe the three methods for categorizing health insurance in the U. S. One of the major methods of categorizing health insurance is through the Indemnity plans or reimbursement plans.In this category the plan compensates the health expenses no matter the provider used. Though there are restrictions on the amount to be compensated, they do vary with the type of policy. To settle on the amount to be compensated, three common methods are used in the Indemnity plan. These include Indemnity, repayment of definite charges and repayment of a certain percentage of genuine charges. Another method is through the Managed Care Plan. Unlike the indemnity plan, this involves the three major kinds of managed care plans mentioned earlier.These are Health-Maintenance-Organization, Preferred-Provider-Organization and Point-Of-Service Plans. All of the above mentioned plans involve an agreement amid the insurer and a wellbeing provider’s network. Economic incentives are given to the insured to persuade them utilize the networks of providers who are selected in a formal process. 3. Identify the three types of managed care plans and give the pros and cons of each for the health care provider, insurer, and patient. Managed care plan is a wellbeing liberation scheme that combine the economic and deliverance of health-care.It is applicable to different kinds of health-care insurance policies. The majority widespread managed care plans are; Preferred-Provider-Organizations, Health-Maintenance-Organizations and Point-of-Service plans. PPOs try to settle the therapeutic costs by involving provider networks that contract at low reimbursement charges. They are required to have utilization analysis among other necessities. Clients have the freedom to choose the medical provider they wish to but incur extra cost if their choice falls outside the network. HMOs encompass provider network and PCP as caretakers.PCP handles the hospital admission of the client as well as appointments with medical practitioners. Some though use open policy that allows the client the choice of a personal doctor in the provider network without a recommendation. A vast majority of HMOs use the compensation to persuade providers economize on the cost. The policies may involve contractual agreements between doctors within the society or from the provider networks. The last but not least is the POS that provides members the chance to opt providers beyond the network. Clients who choose providers within the HMO network incur reduced cost that those with external providers.The policy may also give a chance to provide a PCP to handle the intra-network examinations but with no recommendation for the exterior services. 4. Describe the impact of managed care on both the Medicare and Medicaid programs. The 2003 Medicare Modernization Act initiated a most important revolution to hold and transform personal health plans. It is very important that managers should consider the reason behind these routes because the programs have deviated and evaluate forecast for accomplishment in the Medicare Advantage commencement.The wavering that face the Medicare managed care promotion designated a large discrepancy amid the relative harmony of controlled Medicaid programs within a similar period of time. The two managed care were discovered about two dec ades ago to improve the declining public programs. Since their initial implementation, there has been significant improvement in the field of interest. References Health Insurance Overview. (2009) Types of Health Insurance. Retrieved July 24, 2010,from http://www. healthinsuranceoverview. com/types-of-health- insurance. html