Analysis of a Story in the Newspaper -- Media Publication

Introduction ‘News media investigate, analyze, and report to stakeholder publics on issues and event s that occur around the globe in a twenty-four-hour, 365-day news cycle’ (Richard,2007:98). Because of the way news media works, we know what is happening in the world and we can have ‘connection’ to other places. With new media arising, the information transmission process become even faster. Though new media is getting more prevalent, still, a considerable amount of people rely on one of the traditional news media – newspaper. Facing the competition, the way news reported may change as newspapers ‘need to maintain large circulation figures to stay profitable’ (Bignell 1997:83). This directly affects how news is presented. To make news appeal to readers, information may under ‘design’ as mentioned by Thorne (2008), the function of newspapers in the 21st century is not only ‘referential’, ‘ entertainment has become equally important in the battle to win readers’(P.262). In this paper, a piece of news was taken from WiseNews for analysis. It was an event occupied a large coverage in newspaper and caught lots of public attention – The Manila Hostage Incident. I would like to see how journalist presents the story to their readers through looking at its structure and the use of language. Information Flow In reporting the news, journalist adopts the story-telling approach. ‘Journalists are professional story-teller of our age’ (Bell,1991:147). When reporting an incident. Journalists tend not to simply report the fact in each paragraph without linking the information together. Instead, they tend to make the piece of text into a story. Headline Te headline is considered as ‘an abstract of the abstract’ (Bell, 1991:149)... ...authority. Appraisal elements are used to align readers including concession, modality and appreciation. Echoing Bell (2004), journalists are ‘story teller’. When presenting news to readers, they do not simply report facts but tell a story by the use of certain format and lexical choices. Works Cited Bell, A. (1991). The Language of News Media. UK: Blackwell Publishers Bignell, J. (1997). Media semiotics. New York: Manchester University Press Kessler, L. and MnDonald, D. (1989). Mastering Writing with Substance and Style. USA: Wadsworth, Inc. Martin, J.R. and Rose, D. (2007). Working with Discourse. London: Continuum. Reah, D. (2002). The Language of Newspapers. NY: Routledge Richard, S. (2007). Media Relations. Australia: Oxford University Press. Thorne,S.(2008). Mastering Advanced English Language. Great Britain: Cromwell Press Ltd.

The Vampire Diaries: Dark Reunion Chapter Ten

Meredith sat down on the knee-high wall of the ruined church. â€Å"You said it was going to be dangerous, Stefan, but you didn't say you were going to let him strangle me.† â€Å"I'm sorry. I was hoping he'd give some more information, especially after he admitted to being there when Sue died. But I shouldn't have waited.† â€Å"I haven't admitted anything! You can't prove anything,† Tyler said. The animal whine was back in his voice, but on the walk up his face and body had returned to normal. Or rather, they'd returned to human, Meredith thought. The swelling and bruises and dried blood weren't normal. â€Å"This isn't a court of law, Tyler,† she said. â€Å"Your father can't help you now.† â€Å"But if it were, we'd have a pretty good case,† Stefan added. â€Å"Enough to put you away on conspiracy to commit murder, I think.† â€Å"That's if somebody doesn't melt down their grandma's teaspoons to make a silver bullet,† Matt put in. Tyler looked from one to another of them. â€Å"I won't tell you anything.† â€Å"Tyler, you know what you are? You're a bully,† Bonnie said. â€Å"And bullies always talk.† â€Å"You don't mind pinning a girl down and threatening her,† said Matt, â€Å"but when her friends turn up, you're scared spitless.† Tyler just glared at all of them. â€Å"Well, if you don't want to talk, I guess I'll have to,† Stefan said. He leaned down and picked up the thick book he'd gotten from the library. One foot on the lip of the tomb, he rested the book on his knee and opened it. In that moment, Meredith thought, he looked frighteningly like Damon. â€Å"This is a book by Gervase of Tilbury, Tyler,† he said. â€Å"It was written around the year 1210 a.d. One of the things it talks about is werewolves.† â€Å"You can't prove anything! You don't have any evidence-â€Å" â€Å"Shut up, Tyler!† Stefan looked at him. â€Å"I don't need to prove it. I can see it, even now. Have you forgotten what I am?† There was a silence, and then Stefan went on. â€Å"When I got here a few days ago, there was a mystery. A girl was dead. But who killed her? And why? All the clues I could see seemed contradictory. â€Å"It wasn't an ordinary killing, not some human psycho off the street. I had the word of somebody I trusted on that-and independent evidence, too. An ordinary killer can't work a Ouija board by telekinesis. An ordinary killer can't cause fuses to blow in a power plant hundreds of miles away. â€Å"No, this was somebody with tremendous physical and psychic power. From everything Vickie told me, it sounded like a vampire. â€Å"And there was another thing. You were in that house, Tyler. You made the mistake of grabbing Bonnie that night, and then you made the mistake of shooting off your mouth the next day, saying things you couldn't have known unless you were there. â€Å"So what did we have? A seasoned vampire, a vicious killer with Power to spare? Or a high school bully who couldn't organize a trip to the toilet without falling over his own feet? Which? The evidence pointed both ways, and I couldn't make up my mind. â€Å"Then I went to see Sue's body myself. And there it was, the biggest mystery of all. A cut here.† Stefan's finger sketched a sharp line down from his collarbone. â€Å"Typical, traditional cut-made by vampires to share their own blood. But Sue wasn't a vampire, and she didn't make that cut herself. Someone made it for her as she lay there dying on the ground.† Meredith shut her eyes, and she heard Bonnie swallow hard beside her. She put out a hand and found Bonnie's and held tight, but she went on listening. Stefan had not gone into this kind of detail in his explanation to them before. â€Å"Vampires don't need to cut their victims like that; they use their teeth,† Stefan said. His upper lip lifted slightly to show his own teeth. â€Å"But if a vampire wanted to draw blood for somebody else to drink, he might cut instead of biting. If a vampire wanted to give someone else the first and only taste, he might do that. â€Å"And that started me thinking about blood. Blood is important, you see. For vampires, it gives life, Power. It's all we need for survival, and there are times when needing it drives us crazy. But it's good for other things, too. For instance†¦ initiation. â€Å"Initiation and Power. Now I was thinking about those two things, putting them together with what I'd seen of you, Tyler, when I was in Fell's Church before. Little things I hadn't really focused on. But I remembered something Elena had told me about your family history, and I decided to check it out in Honoria Fell's journal.† Stefan lifted a piece of paper from between the pages of the book he held. â€Å"And there it was, in Honoria's handwriting. I Xeroxed the page so I could read it to you. The Smallwoods' little family secret-if you can read between the lines.† Looking down at the paper, he read: â€Å"November 12. Candles made, flax spun. We are short on cornmeal and salt, but we will get through the winter. Last night an alarm; wolves attacked Jacob Smallwood as he returned from the forest. I treated the wound with whortleberry and sallow bark, but it is deep and I am afraid. After coming home I cast the runes. I have told no one but Thomas the results. â€Å"December 20. Wolf trouble at the Smallwoods' again. We heard the screams a few minutes ago, and Thomas said it was time. He made the bullets yesterday. He has loaded his rifle and we will walk over. If we are spared, I will write again. â€Å"December 21. Went over to Smallwoods' last night. Jacob sorely afflicted. Wolf killed. â€Å"We will bury Jacob in the little graveyard at the foot of the hill. May his soul find peace in death. â€Å"In the official history of Fell's Church,† Stefan said, â€Å"that's been interpreted to mean that Thomas Fell and his wife went over to the Smallwoods' to find Jacob Smallwood being attacked by a wolf again, and that the wolf killed him. But that's wrong. What it really says is not that the wolf killed Jacob Smallwood but that Jacob Smallwood, the wolf, was killed.† Stefan shut the book. â€Å"He was a werewolf, your great-great-great-whatever grandfather, Tyler. He got that way by being attacked by a werewolf himself. And he passed his werewolf virus on to the son who was born eight and a half months after he died. Just the way your father passed it on to you.† â€Å"I always knew there was something about you, Tyler,† Bonnie said, and Meredith opened her eyes. â€Å"I never could tell what it was, but at the back of my mind something was telling me you were creepy.† â€Å"We used to make jokes about it,† Meredith said, her voice still husky. â€Å"About your ‘animal magnetism and your big white teeth. We just never knew how close to the mark we were.† â€Å"Sometimes psychics can sense that kind of thing,† Stefan conceded. â€Å"Sometimes even ordinary people can. I should have seen it, but I was preoccupied. Still, that's no excuse. And obviously somebody else-the psychic killer-saw it right away. Didn't he, Tyler? A man wearing an old raincoat came to you. He was tall, with blond hair and blue eyes, and he made some kind of a deal with you. In exchange for-something-he'd show you how to reclaim your heritage. How to become a real werewolf. â€Å"Because according to Gervase of Tilbury†-Stefan tapped the book on his knee -â€Å"a werewolf who hasn't been bitten himself needs to be initiated. That means you can have the werewolf virus all your life but never even know it because it's never activated. Generations of Smallwoods have lived and died, but the virus was dormant in them because they didn't know the secret of waking it up. But the man in the raincoat knew. He knew that you have to kill and taste fresh blood. After that, at the first full moon you can change.† Stefan glanced up, and Meredith followed his gaze to the white disk of the moon in the sky. It looked clean and two dimensional now, no longer a sullen red globe. â€Å"Very clever,† said Meredith, and Matt said, â€Å"No kidding.† Bonnie wet her finger and marked an imaginary 1 on an invisible Scoreboard. â€Å"I knew you wouldn't be able to resist following one of the girls here if you thought she'd be alone,† said Stefan. â€Å"You'd think that the graveyard was the perfect place to kill; you'd have complete privacy. And I knew you wouldn't be able to resist bragging about what you'd done. I was hoping you'd tell Meredith more about the other killer, the one who actually threw Sue out the window, the one who cut her so you could drink fresh blood. The vampire, Tyler. Who is he? Where is he hiding?† Tyler's look of venomous hatred changed to a sneer. â€Å"You think I'd tell you that? He's my friend.† â€Å"He is not your friend, Tyler. He's using you. And he's a murderer.† â€Å"Don't get in any deeper, Tyler,† Matt added. â€Å"You're already an accessory. Tonight you tried to kill Meredith. Pretty soon you're not going to be able to go back even if you want to. Be smart and stop this now. Tell us what you know.† Tyler bared his teeth. â€Å"I'm not telling you anything. How're you going to make me?† The others exchanged glances. The atmosphere changed, became charged with tension as they all turned back to Tyler. â€Å"You really don't understand, do you?† Meredith said quietly. â€Å"Tyler, you helped kill Sue. She died for an obscene ritual so that you could change into that thing I saw. You were planning to kill me, and Vickie and Bonnie too, I'm sure. Do you think we have any pity for you? Do you think we brought you up here to be nice to you?† There was a silence. The sneer was fading from Tyler's lips. He looked from one face to another. They were all implacable. Even Bonnie's small face was unforgiving. â€Å"Gervase of Tilbury mentions one interesting thing,† Stefan said, almost pleasantly. â€Å"There's a cure for werewolves besides the traditional silver bullet. Listen.† By moonlight, he read from the book on his knee. â€Å"It is commonly reported and held by grave and worthy doctors that if a werewolf be shorn of one of his members, he shall surely recover his original body. Gervase goes on to tell the story of Raimbaud of Auvergne, a werewolf who was cured when a carpenter cut off one of his hind paws. Of course, that was probably hideously painful, but the story goes that Raimbaud thanked the carpenter ‘for ridding him forever of the accursed and damnable form.' † Stefan raised his head. â€Å"Now, I'm thinking that if Tyler won't help us with information, the least we can do is make sure he doesn't go out and kill again. What do the rest of you say?† â€Å"All we have to do is relieve him of one of his members,† Bonnie agreed. â€Å"I can think of one right off,† Meredith said under her breath. Tyler's eyes were starting to bulge. Under the dirt and blood his normally ruddy face had gone pale. â€Å"You're bluffing!† â€Å"Get the ax, Matt,† said Stefan. â€Å"Meredith, you take off one of his shoes.† Tyler kicked when she did, aiming for her face. Matt came and got his head in a hammer-lock. â€Å"Don't make it any worse on yourself, Tyler.† The bare foot Meredith exposed was big, the sole as sweaty as Tyler's palms. Coarse hair sprouted from the toes. It made Meredith's skin crawl. â€Å"Let's get this over with,† she said. â€Å"You're joking!† Tyler howled, thrashing so that Bonnie had to come and grab his other leg and kneel on it. â€Å"You can't do this! You can't!† â€Å"Keep him still,† Stefan said. Working together, they stretched Tyler out, his head locked in Matt's arm, his legs spread and pinned by the girls. Making sure Tyler could see what he was doing, Stefan balanced a branch perhaps two inches thick on the lip of the tomb. He raised the ax and then brought it down hard, severing the stick with one blow. â€Å"It's sharp enough,† he said. â€Å"Meredith, roll his pants leg up. Then tie some of that cord just above his ankle as tight as you can for a tourniquet. Otherwise he'll bleed out.† â€Å"You can't do this!† Tyler was screaming. â€Å"You can't dooooooo this!† â€Å"Scream all you want, Tyler. Up here, nobody's going to hear you, right?† Stefan said. â€Å"You're no better than I am!† Tyler yelled in a spray of spittle. â€Å"You're a killer too!† â€Å"I know exactly what I am,† Stefan said. â€Å"Believe me, Tyler. I know. Is everybody ready? Good. Hold on to him; he's going to jump when I do it.† Tyler's screams weren't even words anymore. Matt was holding him so that he could see Stefan kneel and take aim, hefting the ax blade above Tyler's ankle to gauge force and distance. â€Å"Now,† said Stefan, raising the ax high. â€Å"No! No! I'll talk to you! I'll talk!† shrieked Tyler. Stefan glanced at him. â€Å"Too late,† he said, and brought the ax down. It rebounded off the stone floor with a clang and a spark, but the noise was drowned by Tyler's screaming. It seemed to take Tyler several minutes to realize that the blade hadn't touched his foot. He paused for breath only when he choked, and turned wild, bulging eyes on Stefan. Little whimpers were coming from Tyler's throat and there was foam on his lips. â€Å"I don't know his name,† he gasped out. â€Å"But he looks like you said. And you're right; he's a vampire, man! I saw him drain a ten-point buck while it was still kicking. He lied to me,† Tyler added, the whine creeping back into his voice. â€Å"He told me I'd be stronger than anybody, as strong as him. He said I could have any girl I wanted, any way I wanted. The creep lied.† â€Å"He told you that you could kill and get away with it,† Stefan said. â€Å"He said I could do Caroline that night. She had it coming after the way she ditched me. I wanted to make her beg-but she got out of the house somehow. I could have Caroline and Vickie, he said. All he wanted was Bonnie and Meredith.† â€Å"But you just tried to kill Meredith.† â€Å"That was now. Things are different now, stupid. He said it was all right.† â€Å"Why?† Meredith asked Stefan in an undertone. â€Å"Maybe because you'd served your purpose,† he said. â€Å"You'd brought me here.† Then he went on, â€Å"All right, Tyler, show us you're cooperating. Tell us how we can get this guy.† â€Å"Get him? You're nuts!† Tyler burst into ugly laughter, and Matt tightened the arm around his throat. â€Å"Hey, choke me all you want; it's still the truth. He told me he's one of the Old Ones, one of the Originals, whatever that means. He said he's been making vampires since before the pyramids. He said he's made a bargain with the devil. You could stick a stake in his heart and it wouldn't do anything. You can't kill him.† The laughter became uncontrolled. â€Å"Where's he hiding, Tyler?† Stefan rapped out. â€Å"Every vampire needs a place to sleep. Where is it?† â€Å"He'd kill me if I told you that. He'd eat me, man. God, if I told you what he did to that buck before it died†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Tyler's laughter was turning into something like sobs. â€Å"Then you'd better help us destroy him before he can find you, hadn't you? What's his weak point? How's he vulnerable?† â€Å"God, that poor buck†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Tyler was blubbering. â€Å"What about Sue? Did you cry over her?† Stefan said sharply. He picked up the ax. â€Å"I think,† he said, â€Å"that you're wasting our time.† The ax lifted. â€Å"No! No! I'll talk to you; I'll tell you something. Look, there's one kind of wood that can hurt him-not kill him, but hurt him. He admitted that but didn't tell me what it was! I swear to you that's the truth!† â€Å"Not good enough, Tyler,† said Stefan. â€Å"For God's sake-I'll tell you where he's going tonight. If you get over there fast enough, maybe you can stop him.† â€Å"What do you mean, where he's going tonight? Talk fast, Tyler!† â€Å"He's going to Vickie's, okay? He said tonight we get one each. That's helpful, isn't it? If you hurry, maybe you can get there!† Stefan had frozen, and Meredith felt her heart racing. Vickie. They hadn't even thought about an attack on Vickie. â€Å"Damon's guarding her,† Matt said. â€Å"Right, Stefan? Right?† â€Å"He's supposed to be,† Stefan said. â€Å"I left him there at dusk. If something happened, he should have called me†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"You guys,† Bonnie whispered. Her eyes were big and her lips were trembling. â€Å"I think we'd better get over there now.† They stared at her a moment and then everyone was moving. The ax clanged on the floor as Stefan dropped it. â€Å"Hey, you can't leave me like this! I can't drive! He's gonna come back for me! Come back and untie my hands!† Tyler shrieked. None of them answered. They ran all the way down the hill and piled into Meredith's car. Meredith took off speeding, rounding corners dangerously fast and gliding through stop signs, but there was a part of her that didn't want to get to Vickie's house. That wanted to turn around and drive the other way. I'm calm; I'm the one who's always calm, she thought. But that was on the outside. Meredith knew very well how calm you could look on the outside when inside everything was breaking up. They rounded the last corner onto Birch Street and Meredith hit the brakes. â€Å"Oh, God!† Bonnie cried from the backseat. â€Å"No! No!† â€Å"Quick,† Stefan said. â€Å"There may still be a chance.† He wrenched open the door and was out even before the car had stopped. But in back, Bonnie was sobbing.

The Appropriateness Of A Mean Variance Simulation Model...

The appropriateness of a Mean-Variance Simulation Model for a Commonwealth public sector defined pension benefit fund Kevin Lian October 20, 2014 In this section, we will examine the use of a mean-variance simulation model on a commonwealth public section defined pension benefit fund. Firstly, we will examine the expected medium term returns using the reverse optimisation approach and discuss whether any adjustments are necessary. Secondly, we will examine how appropriate the model is for the fund. Lastly, we will discuss how to determine any inconsistencies if a mean-variance model is used. Expectations for medium term returns The market portfolio consisted of 8 asset classes 1 , in which we used an adjusted allocation size based on APRA†¦show more content†¦This is emphasised by the near singular correlation matrices 2 . Furthermore, the results are extremely sensitive to these mean and variance assumptions due to the structure of the M-V model. This exposes our results to a potentially unbounded error size. Thus, we suggest a Bayesian adjustment is needed to reflect our uncertainty about our assumptions. 1 AE - Australian Equity, IE - International Equity, LP - Listed property, UP - Unlisted Property, AFI - Australian Fixed Interest, IFI - International fixed Interest (Hedged), Cash - $AUD 2 This can be seen by determinants of the 5, 6, and 7 year correlation matrices, which were 2.31258E-48, -9.99469E- 34, and -1.72439E-20 respectively 1 Group B Part D ACTL4303 Assignment Student ID: 3374652 Furthermore, the results in Table 1 also requires some adjustments due to tax and the inherent assumptions of the reverse optimisation approach. In general, the returns of each asset class need to be subjected to the appropriate tax deductions and transaction fees. In particular, Australian equity returns have not accounted for the franking credits. In addition, the method used to calculate the risk-aversion coefficient result in time-invariant equity returns. Thus, adjustments are needed to reflect time-vary equity risk premiums. In

Essay on Effective Teaching - 903 Words

Effective Teaching Many individuals believe that being a teacher is an easy task. Our society believes that any person can become a teacher. But experience has shown that not everyone is capable of being a teacher. There are many personality traits that are required to be an effective teacher. The role that a teacher provides for the students is very important to the advancement of general knowledge and higher learning. An effective teacher has the power to shape and mold the lives of young children. They have knowledge of their subject; are very organized and clear with their students; and they show great warmth and enthusiasm. An effective teacher knows the subject and content they plan to†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Teachers who provide clear presentations and explanations tend to have students who learn more.† (Woolfolk, 2004, p. 440) The teacher’s lesson plans should be appropriate to the level of their students and be very clear. The lesson plans also use multiple strategies of teaching so that all of the students learn the material. It should state the objective and explain why the students are learning the material. Demonstrations help the students to better understand hard material. â€Å"Excellent communication skills are essential for effective teachers.† (Wendel, 1993, p. 52) Throughout the lesson plan the teacher should stop and check for understanding in order to address any confusion or difficulties the student may have. Repeating difficult ideas and stressing important points both help students learn better. Being organized involves using time wisely. Knowing just how much time to spend on a subject before moving on to the next is important. Effective teachers signal transition to new topics and explain how the topics fit. They also grab and keep the student’s attention and keep them interested. They keep them involved in class discussions and call on students by their first names. 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Compare and Contrast the Information Processing Approach,...

Chapter 7, 8, amp; 9 1. Compare and contrast the Information Processing Approach, the Parallel Distributed Processing Model, the Levels of Processing Model, and the Traditional Three-stage Memory Model. Information Processing Approach- states that memory is a process, analogous to a computer, where information goes through three basic processes-encoding, storage, and retrieval Parallel Distributed Processing Model- states memory is distributed across a wide network of interconnected neurons located throughout the brain. When activated this network works simultaneously to process information Levels of Processing Approach-states memory depends on the degree or depth of mental processing occurring when material is initially†¦show more content†¦Identify empirical findings regarding location of memory in the brain. 6. Differentiate between retrograde and anterograde amnesia; and describe the symptoms, causes, and potential treatments for Alzheimer’s disease. Retrograde is when old memories are lost Anterograde is when new memories cannot be formed AD is progressive mental deterioration characterized by severe memory loss- characterized by a build-up of proteins in the brain. - cholinesterase inhibitors 7. Describe theories of forgetting, and differentiate between proactive and retroactive interference. Decay Theory-Memory degrades with time Interference Theory-One memory competes with another -Retroactive interference ( new information interfers with old) -Proactive Interference(old information interferes with new) Motivated Forgetting-motivation to forget unpleasant, painful, threatening, or embrassing moments Encoding failure-information in STM is encoded in LTM Retrieval Failure-memories stored in LTM are momentarily inaccesible 8. 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Essay On The Jacket Article Free Essays

In my opinion, the jacket Sotto continuously mentions is more than an article of clothing to him; feel it signifies a life of poverty. He hates the green jacket his mother bought him and blames his mother for her bad taste in clothes. He describes the jacket as big and ugly and wishes it belonged to his siblings instead of him. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay On The Jacket Article or any similar topic only for you Order Now He defines his cool leather dream jacket to his mother but he never gets it Sotto becomes aggravated with his mothers cheap ways; because he knows it will be a long time before he can get a new jacket. As much as he despises the jacket, he thanks his mother and wears it to please err. The first day Sotto wears the jacket to play in his backyard; his dog tears the jacket in the sleeve, he becomes upset with his dog when he tries to do it again. He wears the jacket to school and immediately gets teased by his schoolmates and teachers. Sotto continues to wear the green jacket for 3 years to school and is convinced the jacket is bad luck. For those 3 years he blamed his green jacket for his years of disappointments like his low grades on exams, being bullied by boys, and never having a girlfriend. He blamed his mother for purchasing ugly clothes because they were low-priced. He ends up losing his friends and starts to hanging out with the ugly guys. He is embarrassed and ashamed of his appearance; he allows a piece of clothing to define him. Sotto thinks of getting rid of the jacket many times, but doesn’t since he knows he will have no jacket for the cold weather or any money to buy a new one. He outgrows the jacket and has no choice but to wear the worn and torn green jacket because his mother will not buy a new one. I believe Sotto just wanted to fit in and impress his peers at the same time he did not want to seem ungrateful to his mother. How to cite Essay On The Jacket Article, Essays

My Antonia Essay Example For Students

My Antonia Essay Most people find it very hard to pull up roots in their native land and move to a strange country. Throughout history, countless millions of people have done so. People forsake their homeland and move to another country for various reasons. Some people emigrate to avoid starvation. Some seek adventure. Others wish to escape unbearable family situations. Still others desire to be reunited with loved ones. However, the main reason for immigration has long been economic opportunitythe lure of better land or a better job. Yet, some people cant conform to the American way of life. Like replanting a flowers roots, completely moving a person so attached to their homeland and customs, can prove to be fatal. The garden symbolizes the freedom that children enjoyed during the youth years. When the sanke-incident happens Antonia brags about how brave Jim was. Antoniaexclaimed to Jims family, He fight something awful! He is all overJimmys boots. I scream for him to run, but he jsut hit an hit that snake likehe was crazy. (Page 33). At this point Jim realizes that Antonia was more that afriend but Antonia sees him more like a little brother especially since he isfour years younger than him. Work can also be another symbol in the term thatAntonia worked hard in the farm. Her neck came up strongly out of hershoulders, like the hole of a tree out of the turf Cather emphasizes. Antonia goal was to prove her mother that she can work as well as Ambrosch leadsher to compete with the men plowing and to pick up masculine traits thatovershadow her feminity. Antonia would always work hard in the fields and peopleknew she was a hard worker. This symbol of work showes how she does not give upeven though she is a girl. Through out the novel symbolism is often used inevery chapter. Willa Cather often used symbolism portaining to Jim and Antonia. Willa Cather thought that using symbolism would bring more meaning to the novel.